However, with many types of antennas, some of the waves are reflected back into the line. Ideally, all the waves would go smoothly along the line in one direction and no reflections would occur. Smith originally designed his chart to solve problems he encountered in transmitting radio waves along a special type of cable called a transmission line that conducts the waves from a radio transmitter to an antenna. The microwave engineer’s objective in many instances is to get as much microwave power as possible through electrical obstacles on its way to the goal of being transmitted from an antenna or being amplified in a receiver. This simplified version of a Smith Chart shows both resistance in ohms (numbers on the horizontal axis that range from 0.2 to 10) and the angle of a quantity called the reflection coefficient, in degrees on the outer edge of the circle. From the beginning of World War II until the development of digital computers for engineering problems, the Smith Chart was the dominant tool for microwave engineers. The Chart known as the Smith Chart was the work of Philip Smith and Mizuhashi Tosaku, who seem to have developed it independently of each other.
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